What can be considered a demographic factor in market research?

Demographic factors in market research refer to statistical data that describes a population, including characteristics such as age, gender, income level, education, and geographic location. The correct answer highlights geographic changes in population as a demographic factor because it explores how the movement and distribution of people impact market dynamics. Understanding geographic changes can help businesses tailor their marketing strategies to meet the specific needs of different locations, allowing for more effective targeting and resource allocation.

The other options, while relevant to business strategy and operations, do not fall under demographic factors. Employee performance metrics pertain to individual or team productivity within a company, competition analysis focuses on understanding competitors in the market, and internal company policies are related to organizational structure and management rather than demographic characteristics.